Section 1.2: Graphs on Surfaces


On page 6 immediately after the formulation of Hadwiger's Conjecture it is said that "For k=4 this was proved by Dirac [1952a]".

In a recent paper [Bjarne Toft, A survey of Hadwiger's Conjecture, Institut for Matematik og Datalogi, Odense Universitet, Preprints 1996, Nr. 1] the history of Hadwiger's Conjecture has been explored. It is explained that already in the original paper by Hadwiger [1943] the case k=4 was proved in the following extended form:

Theorem (Hadwiger [1943]). Let G be a graph without K4 as a minor. Then any 3-coloring of an induced cycle C can be extended to a 3-coloring of G.

Hadwiger's proof was short and elegant. Hadwiger [1943] also proved that any graph of minimum degree at least 3 has K4 as a minor. This was the version of Hadwiger's Conjecture for k=4 that Dirac [1952a] proved. Hadwiger's proof was by induction and not particularly elegant, whereas Dirac's proof was an elegant application of longest cycles.

A third extension and proof was presented in the paper [K. Wagner, Bemerkungen zu Hadwiger's Vermutung, Math. Ann. 141 (1960), 570-590].

The above paper by Toft also mentions two more recent very simple proofs of the case k=4 by Woodall [D.R. Woodall, A short proof of a theorem of Dirac's about Hadwiger's Conjecture, J. Graph Theory 16 (1992), 79-80] and by Michael Stiebitz, The Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany.

January 11, 1996 Tommy R. Jensen and Bjarne Toft.


The paper by Toft has appeared: [Bjarne Toft, A Survey of Hadwiger's Conjecture, in: Surveys in Graph Theory (edited by Gary Chartrand and Michael Jacobson) Congressus Numerantium 115 (1996), 249-283]

July, 1997 Bjarne Toft


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Last modified July 21, 1997 Bjarne Toft